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20 Fascinating Facts About Jakarta, the Sinking City

Why is it the Sinking City? Hold on. Let鈥檚 first cover the good side of Jakarta. So welcome to Jakarta. It is the 鈥淣ew York City鈥� of Southeast Asia with a bustling urban center earning it the nickname “Big Durian” just as NYC is the “Big Apple”.

What鈥檚 more, it has some intriguing realities like, it has experienced name changes over 10 times. Jakarta is also known for its notorious traffic. Not to forget the sinking aspect of the city. Jakarta is sinking by each day because of the rapid rise in sea level thus earning it the moniker, the Sinking City. There are a lot more truths about Jakarta like it will no longer be Indonesia鈥檚 capital soon. Check out more facts below.

Here are the 20 Fascinating Facts About Jakarta, the Sinking City.

1. Jakarta is dubbed Big Durian

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Jakarta’s unique nickname is “Big Durian”. More like New York is dubbed “Big Apple,” Jakarta has earned this moniker because it is viewed as Indonesia’s bustling urban center, just as New York City is perceived in the US and around the world.

Furthermore, “Durian” is the name of a cherished fruit by locals. Though it is a favorite to the natives, this fruit is covered in thorns. Yet has a very pungent aroma to the extent that it is forbidden in some public spaces like hotels.

This nickname is symbolic and alludes to the resemblance of Jakarta to this Indonesian spiky, pungent tropical fruit. As the durian fruit鈥檚 outer shell is thorny and has a pungent smell, so are some of the off-putting characteristics of Jakarta. Its streets are crowded and full of chaotic urban sprawl.

Besides, on the beautiful side of it, Jakarta is celebrated for its multi-faceted nature. It is a melting pot of different cultures, languages, flavors, and everything that speaks of Indonesia’s rich diversity. Thus this nickname, Big Durian is an appreciation of both the good and the bad side of the city.

2. Jakarta has changed names over 10 times

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This city has seen a myriad of name changes. In the 14th century, it was known as Sunda Kelapa. Around 1527 the city officials decided to give it the name, Jayakarta. During the era of the Dutch, they left their mark on the city by giving it the name Batavia around 1619.

To boot, after World War II, the Japanese further altered its identity to Jakarta. This name has roots in the Sanskrit language and is derived from the word “Jayakarta”. It means “triumphant achievement,” and in other contexts, it translates to “complete act” or “unblemished victory.”

Thus, with all these name changes, Jakarta has gone through renaming, at least 13 times. Some of these names include Gemeente Batavia, Stad Gemeente Batavia, Djakarta, Jakarta Betshu Shi Shop, Yayakarta, and more.

Journey through famous historical events that happened in Indonesia here. 

3. It is one of Southeast Asia鈥檚 largest cities

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The population of this city is estimated over 11 million people in 2023. This makes Jakarta one of the most populated cities in Southeast Asia. With an approximate of more than 14,000 people living per square kilometer in the city and its surroundings. This means Jakarta is very crowded.

To add on, the most populated city in Southeast Asia is Mumbai in India with more than 21 million people in 2023. The numbers in Mumbai show an upward trend each year. Thus in comparison, Jakarta is a little over half the population of Mumbai as per 2023 reports.

4. Jakarta鈥檚 traffic situation is terrific

It is ranked by the traffic index as one of the cities in the world with the worst traffic. Statistics Indonesia (BPS) reported that traffic congestion in Jakarta alongside its vicinities, has reached 53 percent in 2023.

Better still, these traffic challenges are contributed to by the rapid urbanization within the metropolitan area. Hence the high economic growth has sparked the rise of endless suburbs within the city鈥檚 proximity.

Subsequently, this has increased the number of private car commuters. The ripple effect is air pollution, and economic loss through the number of hours lost in these delays.

5. It is sinking further each day

Jakarta is an island that lies south of the Java Sea and has about 13 rivers that run throughout the island posing the risk of flooding, whenever heavy rains fall. About 40 percent of Jakarta’s landmass is below sea level and it is projected that the city sinks by at least 17cm or 6.7 inches each year.

Moreover, experts warn that by 2050, more than 95 percent of the city will be submerged because of the high rise in sea level. This makes it one of the world鈥檚 fastest-sinking cities.

6. There are proposals to take away Jakarta鈥檚 capital status

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Indonesia is working towards moving its capital to the island of Borneo. This is because of several reasons such as overpopulation and the sinking nature of the city. Also, the traffic congestion problem and pollution are contributing factors to shifting the capital of Indonesia to a different location.

Additionally, economic and political decentralization is another factor that鈥檚 pushing for the capital of Indonesia to be in a central location. There is also the issue of disaster vulnerability whereby Jakarta is in a region that is prone to natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis.

What鈥檚 more, the natural risks present potential challenges to the residents as well as the city infrastructure. Still, the city is facing infrastructure constraints due to the growing population. This has caused a strain on transportation, sanitation, and other basic amenities.

Jakarta鈥檚 famous people are worth checking out. 

7. Jakarta鈥檚 economic prosperity has sparked an increased number of skyscrapers

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The city prides itself on many high-rise buildings. It has the highest number of 200-meter-plus skyscrapers within the Southeast Asian region. This skyline punctuated by tall buildings has been pushed by the fast rate of urbanization and high population growth which have created a necessity for commercial and residential spaces.

Better yet, Jakarta is a crucial commercial hub held with high regard in Southeast Asia. Hence this has attracted multinational corporations and other institutions to set up high-rise facilities for their operations.

Further, with the continuous pursuit of modernity and urban growth, there are increased investments in luxurious apartments, hotels, and retail complexes. These advancements signal the city鈥檚 progress and global aspirations.

8. The city鈥檚 history dates back to the 4th century

This Java Island metropolis has a history that goes way back to the 4th century CE. At the time it was ruled by the Tarumanagara Kingdom. Around the 5^th century, the Hindu-Buddhist kingdom of Sunda Kelapa took over leadership establishing it as a thriving center of trade and culture.

On top of that, the Portuguese and the Dutch were at the helm of power in the 16th century. This cemented its place as a hub for trade in the world hence attracting merchants from all over the world.

These interactions also influenced the region鈥檚 culture broadening its cultural heritage. In 1949, Indonesia received independence declaring it a sovereign nation. This dynamic fusion of tradition and modernity has earned Jakarta a lasting historical legacy.

9. Dutch colonial architecture dominates in Jakarta

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The Sinking City is an essential stop for history buffs as well as culture seekers. Jakarta’s old town, which is fondly known as Kota Tua is a trip to the bygone days of Dutch colonial architecture. 

Some examples of these unique designs include the cobbled streets, the grand facades, the charm of the canals, and the finishing details which showcase ancient Dutch architecture at its best. Many well-preserved museums take us a step back in time.

10. The National Monument is one of Jakarta鈥檚 iconic landmarks

It is known as the Monumen Nasional and abbreviated as Monas. This structure stands at 132 meters or 433 feet high within Central Jakarta in Merdeka Square. It is Indonesia鈥檚 national monument and commemorates the country鈥檚 struggle for independence from the Dutch colonial administration.

11. Jakarta enjoys a tropical humid climate

The temperatures in the city range between 75 and 93 掳F or 24 and 34 掳C all year round while humidity is between 75 and 85 percent. There are two major seasons that Jakarta goes through which are a Dry Season running from May to September. The other is the Wet Season which stretches from October to April.

Over and above that, it is the wet season that makes for the winter weather in the Sinking City. It is also worth noting that Indonesia and Jakarta are faced with drier conditions during El Nino events while the wetter conditions occur during La Nina times.

12. Jakarta’s street food will leave you in awe of its flavor

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The street food in Jakarta is celebrated for its variety and diverse flavors. It presents the vibrant and diverse culinary experience in Jakarta. Some of these mouthwatering dishes to savor are nasi goring (fried rice infused with spices), and satay skewers dripping with peanut sauce, which display Jakarta’s culinary prowess.

To boot, Rendang is an authentic cuisine that consists of slow-cooked beef simmered in a mixture of coconut milk and spice. It cements Jakarta鈥檚 dedication to flavor perfection.

Thus the street food in Jakarta is a gastronomic adventure. It celebrates indigenous herbs and spices, passed down through generations. It is also a display of the harmonious fusion of tradition and innovation of the Indonesian cuisine.

13. The city is crisscrossed by many rivers and canals

Indonesia’s sinking capital has a network of rivers and canals that crisscross the land, giving it a unique topography. These waterways have played a vital role in Jakarta’s transport system throughout history.

Additionally, they served as water routes connecting Jakarta to the surrounding regions, facilitating the movement of people and goods. This fostered a prosperous trade hub leading to the economic progress of the city.

In the modern day, these waterways are significant and they bring forth a picturesque charm of the metropolis. Yet they aid in drainage and flood management of the densely populated city center.

14. Jakarta has a park that presents a synopsis of Indonesian culture

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Taman Mini Indonesia Indah translated as 鈥淏eautiful Indonesia in Miniature Park” is a perfect spot for culture-based recreation. It is spread over vast landscapes showcasing Indonesia鈥檚 rich diversity. It shows the culture, traditions, and architecture of the different provinces in the country.

Moreover, it elaborates on the cultural mosaic of Indonesia. Visitors enjoy local customs, watch traditional performances, see landmarks, and take a trip through the 30-plus diverse provinces of Indonesia.

Many of the parks in Jakarta are suitable for working out, see the list here.

15. Jakarta is home to Southeast Asia鈥檚 largest mosque

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The Istiqlal Mosque is a religious symbol in Jakarta and across Southeast Asia. It is an architectural glory that was opened in 1978. It accommodates tens of thousands of worshippers in its prayer hall solidifying its significance as a spiritual haven for Muslims within this region and beyond.

The building was designed by Indonesian architect, Frederich Silaban and captivates visitors with the blend of traditional Islamic and Javanese architectural styles evident in its dome and towering minaret. It is also a source of inspiration for unity and harmony among the various communities in the area.

16. The nightlife in Jakarta is lively

Jakarta’s nightlife arena is diverse as well as vibrant. It offers an array of choices for different tastes. The many bars, nightclubs, and various entertainment venues, ensure everyone鈥檚 preference is taken care of.

Furthermore, you can plug in rooftop bars offering stunning city views or enter underground clubs with cutting-edge music. There are also live music venues that showcase local talent and in some cases international acts.

Also, with the late-night eateries and street food stalls on every corner, the party keeps going. Hence the multicultural energy in Jakarta brings out the dynamism in its nightlife space. So whether your interest is to dance the night away or you want a laid-back ordeal with friends, Jakarta has all that covered.

17. Jakarta鈥檚 transport system is diverse and still evolving

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The city鈥檚 transportation network includes buses which provide daily commuters and tourists alike affordable and extensive connections. Another option is the commuter train network which connects Jakarta with its satellite cities.

On top of that, Jakarta has built a modern marvel known as the Jakarta MRT. It has brought a touch of urban mobility by offering speed, comfort, and reliability transforming the city’s transit landscape.

This state-of-the-art metro system is a demonstration of the city鈥檚 commitment to easing congestion. It is also a testament that the city is focused on ensuring convenient mobility for the residents and visitors alike.

18. Flooding is a big challenge in the city

Jakarta is faced with floods especially when the rains fall. Several reasons contribute to this aspect such as the low-lying coastal location. Another contributor is the rapid urbanization and inadequate drainage infrastructure.

To add on, there are mitigation measures to improve drainage. Such as the construction of reservoirs, levees, floodgates, and other services to manage water flow. The city is also sensitive to improved urban planning and investment in green infrastructure and climate-resilient urban development to reduce the risk of floods.

What scares you about floods? See the scariest facts about floods.

19. Jakarta hosts various international festivals

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Some of the most famous international events held in Jakarta are such as the Jakarta International Film Festival which attracts filmmakers, musicians, and artists from all over the world. The Jakarta International Java Jazz Festival is another famous celebration held every year.

These fun events are encouraged by Jakarta鈥檚 position as a leading economic and cultural hub in Southeast Asia. The cultural diversity of the city also contributes to the embrace of these celebrations. Again, a high middle-class population that is a receptive audience to global cultural trends, keeps these celebrations alive.

20. The Indonesian National Museum is a cultural stronghold

Museum Nasional (Indonesian National Museum) prides itself on more than 140,000 items. It was opened in 1778 and holds a wide collection of artifacts and cultural treasures that elaborate on Indonesia’s past.

Furthermore, this museum journeys through the history, art, and traditions of Indonesia. From ancient sculptures to modern-day attractions, this museum serves as a national legacy educating and enlightening its visitors on Indonesia鈥檚 roots.

These truths about Jakarta reveal its strength to rise above challenges. Though faced with a sinking challenge, flood risks, traffic congestion, and overpopulation among other concerns, the city prides and celebrates its strongholds. Such as cultural diversity, flavorsome cuisines, vibrant nightlife, high skyscrapers, historical landmarks, and more highlights.